History Notes on Cuban Missile Crisis and Protest in...

History Matric Notes. The Cuban Missile Crisis. This was the most serious crisis between the USA and USSR in the history of the Cold War. Cuba was a communist country only 90 miles off the coast of USA. In October 1962 US spy planes identified nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba. Background: Cuba traditionally had a passive relationship with the USA. Batista who was president/dictator at the time was viewed as safeguard against communism by the USA, but when revolutionary Fidel Castro overthrew him in 1959 they became suspicious. Castro introduced socialist reforms and started trade negotiations with the Soviet Union. ‘At the height of the Cold War, the existence of a communist country so close to the United States was viewed†¦show more content†¦Although it was the policy of the US federal government to end segregation, it was not properly enforced. *However the was some success in the 50’s: Rosa Parks Montgomery Bus Boycott --gt; This boycott resulted in the Supreme Court outlawing the segregation of buses in ’56. As a result of this the minister Martin Luther King emerged as the leader of the CRM. How did the CRM gain momentum in the 1960’s? In 1960 black students at a North Carolina university staged a sit-in at a lunch counter who refused to serve black customers. Their example was followed by 70 000 other students who held similar protests in other segregated facilities. Soon thousands more black and white students joined in a massive campaign of non-violence protest to demand for desegregated facilities. At the Lincoln Memorial in 1963, 250 000 people from all religious amp; ethnic backgrounds came together to demand full racial equality. This crowd remained peaceful the entire time and listened to one of the most memorable speeches in history, the ‘I have a dream’ speech by MLK. A year later was known as ‘Freedom Summer’ where black and white civil campaigners from the more liberal states went to Mississippi to open ‘Freedom Schools’. These schools taught basic literacy, black history and stressed black pride. But there was a violent reaction to all of this; Freedom workers bea ten and arrested. As a result of this the US Congress passed the CivilShow MoreRelatedBob Dylan Impact on Society2726 Words   |  11 PagesBob Dylan: An Impact on American Society in the 1960’s Amy Blanton Professor Porter History 22 April 10, 2001 1 The 1960s was a decade of liberation for music, public opinion, dance, invention, and the binds of racism. 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Case Study †Make Green Delicious Free Essays

————————————————- A. ————————————————- Introduction/Statement of the Problem: As the executive director of the National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), Bob Goodenow is faced with the issue of developing a communications strategy for the NHLPA. It must establish a strong bargaining stance for the players that effectively communicate their position on the salary cap issue, while also retain the loyalty of hockey fans. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study – Make Green Delicious or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. ————————————————- Analysis: The current Collective Bargaining Agreement includes a limited salary cap and entry-level salary cap, and expires September 15th, 2004. It is no longer successful at controlling rapid growth in player salaries and forming a direct link between salary growth and league revenues. The Unified Report of Operations claims that the majority of NHL teams have lost money in recent years. Owners believe that there are â€Å"major deficiencies in the current contract that has led to significant financial losses and a competitive imbalance. Smaller teams can’t compete with larger teams; therefore the league can’t be competitive. There is a transition from a local market to a league-wide market, so players’ salaries are escalating to levels that are unsustainable. Entry-level salary caps are ineffective due to signing bonuses. The NHL revenue growth equals 173%, while the players’ salary growth equals 261% over the term of the CBA. The players’ salaries account for 75% of NHL revenues, which is much higher than other sports. Owners believe a mechanism is needed to control player salaries and tie them to revenues. Players question the validity of the financial information, URO, and Levitt Report. Players argue against the proposed solutions and say free market forces should determine players’ salaries. There is no validity in the owners’ financial statements, which may support that the lack of revenues is due to poor business decisions, not high player salaries. C. ————————————————- Alternatives: A) Strategy that focuses on the players’ current stance on the salary cap, using free market forces, questionable financial validity, and poor business decisions as their platforms for gaining the media and the fans support. B) Strategy that emphasizes on the lack of financial transparency of the NHL and its owners that has led a delayed agreement. C) Continue with the current communications strategy. D. ————————————————- Recommendation: Bob is recommended to choose alternative A and pursue a communications strategy, which emphasizes the NHL players’ current position on the proposed salary cap. E. ————————————————- Implementation Plan: Bob should begin by clearly establishing the players’ values and goals in regards to the negotiation and how he intends on communicating them to reach the fans. This would involve taking the players’ stance on the salary cap and communicating it consistently through the NHLPA’s website, players’ personal social media, radio interviews, etc. It would include reasoning to support the players’ position, such as the lack of transparency and validity in financial information presented by the NHL owners, as well as the importance of free markets in the determination of salaries. By using the players as a source of free media and publicity, the NHLPA can emphasize their position and sympathize with the fans and their common love for the game. Here, the players can explain that a salary cap would essentially be equal to a salary cut for players. This is something that nobody would agree with if it came to their own job, whether they are rich or poor. By effectively communicating the players’ stance on the proposed salary cap to the fans and public, the NHLPA can gain a favourable bargaining position over the NHL owners for the upcoming negotiations in September 2004. It will also help retain fan loyalty to the NHL and its organizations, which is a common interest for both parties. How to cite Case Study – Make Green Delicious, Free Case study samples

Beaux Stratagem And Divorce Essay Example For Students

Beaux Stratagem And Divorce Essay The Beaux Stratagem is a play that places a pair of presentable yet impoverished London gentlemen, named Aimwell and Archer, in the English country inn at Lichfield. Due to the laws of this time Aimwell, as the younger son, has been denied his opportunity to share in the family fortune. His plan at the inn is to assume his older brothers identity and improve his chances of marrying a wealthy woman her fortune. His friend, Archer, has agreed to act as his servant on the condition that he would get half of what Aimwell gains from his venture. After some dalliance with the innkeeper, Bonniface, and his daughter Cherry, Aimwell sets his sights on Dorinda, the wealthy daughter of Lady Bonntiful, a local widow of high reputation. Her son, Squire Sullen, has been wrongly matched in a prearranged marriage to a beautiful woman with no inclination to share his hunting and drinking lifestyle. Mrs. Sullen is fed up with the marriage and has prepared a trap to make Sullen jealous by flirting with French Count. The flirtation is solely for her husbands benefit, but as Aimwell woos the young Dorinda, Archer makes advances to the cautiously receptive Mrs. Sullen, who is quite taken by Archer. One evening at the inn where Sullen is in search of drinking companions, a band of thieves plot with Bonniface to rob Lady Bonntifuls home on the assumption that the women are alone and unprotected. Cherry, who has overheard the their discussion, has Aimwell vanquish the thieves. He, along Archer, stops the robbery and locks up the thieves. All the while this is happening, Sir Charles Freeman arrives at the inn and is escorted by a drunken Sullen to the house where Aimwell and Archer continue their advances on Dorinda and Mrs. Sullen. Freeman brings news that Aimwells brother has died making him a lord. Aimwell can now legitimize a marriage to Dorinda, with his new stature and a love that has grown to be real rather than fake. Sir Charles persuades Sullen into a divorce by mutual consent and to return the dowry that was more important than his wife. Aimwell and Dorinda marry, and Mrs. Sullen is free to accept the advances of Archer. Farquhars views on divorce were ahead of their time. The subject of divorce was controversial and strictly forbidden in polite company. Laws were such that in the rare event that a couple was granted a divorce , a woman was neither allowed to remarry or make claim to her husbands finances. The Beaux Stratagem ends with the divorce of Squire Sullen and his wife through mutual consent. Mrs. Sullens indignation at her treatment by Sullen seems very rebellious for its time and prescient of the modern womans assertion of her rights. In fact, Fraquhar wrote The Beaux Stratagem not as an early womans liberties but as a call for the liberalization of the divorce laws, this may be due to his own unhappy marriage.

Similarities Between “Anthem” and the Creation Story Essay Sample free essay sample

Possibly the most good known narrative of the Holy Bible is that of the creative activity narrative. In this narrative. God creates the Earth in six yearss and remainders on the seventh. after making visible radiation. dark. oceans. and animate beings of all types. When he feels that there should be animals other than animate beings. he creates adult male. in His image. He names this adult male Adam. and so creates a opposite number for his new creative activity. Eve. Adam and Eve lived together in harmoniousness with God and all the other animate beings in the Garden of Eden. a Eden where immorality did non be. and their lone regulation was to non eat from the tree of Knowledge. However. Adam and Eve. under the enticement of the snake. showed greed. and wanted to be more like God. so they ate the fruit. in order to go like God. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities Between â€Å"Anthem† and the Creation Story Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When compared in deepness. the supporter of the creative activity narrative. Adam. and the street sweeper. Equality 7-2521. of Ayn Rand’s Anthem are condemned work forces. whose narratives are really similar. salvage one key difference. These two work forces were condemned for the exact same ground: they let their greed overpower every other feeling they had. â€Å"â€Å"You will surely non decease. † the snake said to the adult female â€Å"For God knows that when you eat from it ( the tree of cognition ) your eyes will be opened. and you will be like God. cognizing good and evil† ( Genesis 3:4-5 ) . While it was non Adam who though of eating from the tree. he did do the witting determination to fall victim to the ineluctable greed that all worlds are plagued with. Equality 7-2521 fell to the same greed that Adam had. but towards another party. himself. In the society that Equality 7-2521 lives. there is no remarkable â€Å"I† . there is merely â€Å"we† . In fact. the penalty for the denial of the belief that they have adopted. â€Å"What is non done jointly can non be good† ( Rand 73 ) . is decease. When Equality 7-2521 discovers a hole that leads down to a railroad station fro m the â€Å"Unspeakable Times† . he finds himself drawn to it. Equality 7-2521 enjoyed being entirely in the dark of the station. and in making so he was perpetrating a mortal offense in his society. Both of these work forces were subjected to the greed. which was supposed to be nonexistent in their universes. that is undeniably a portion of human nature. and in making so. offended the most powerful figures of their societies. In the Bible. God is the Godhead. the destroyer. and is the individual most powerful entity in the universe of Adam. When Adam and his married woman. Eve. Ate from the tree of cognition. this enraged God. and they were punished greatly for it. â€Å"To Adam He ( God ) said. â€Å"Because you listened to your married woman and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you. ‘You must non eat from it. ’ â€Å"Cursed is the land because of you ; through painful labor you will eat nutrient from it all the yearss of your life. It will bring forth irritants and thistles for you. and you will eat the workss of the field. By the perspiration of your forehead. you will eat your nutrient until you return to the land. since from it you were taken ; for dust you are and dust you are to return† ( Genesis 3:17-19 ) . As a consequence of his noncompliance to God. Adam and his married woman are forced to endure through the hurting of decease. without the comfort of the Gar den of Eden. where decease and hungriness were neer a job. For this ground. they were put on the Earth: to open up a civilisation of their ain. and unrecorded off of it. â€Å"Adam made love to his married woman Eve. and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said â€Å"With the aid of the Lord. I have brought away man† Later. she gave birth to his brother Abel† ( Genesis 4:1-2 ) . This. dwelling the Earth. and making a civilisation to populate in. is now Adam and Eve’s precedence. to populate off of others. as they can now see decease. Such a destiny is similar to Equality 7-2521. when he offends the bookmans of his town after demoing them the merchandise of his sedateness. â€Å"How dared you think that your head held greater wisdom than the heads of your brothers? And if the councils had decreed that you should be a Sweet Sweeper. how dare you think that you could be of greater usage to adult male than in brushing the streets? † â€Å"We shall present this animal to the World Council itself and allow their will be done. † ( Rand 71. 72 ) . Equality 7-2521. in his dependence to being entirely. has offende d the â€Å"gods† of his society. similar to God in the creative activity narrative. For his actions. Equality 7-2521 is tortured. and about experiences decease. as Adam does when he offended God by eating of the tree. Equality 7-2521 subsequently flights from his prison. where he was tortured. and made his manner to the â€Å"Uncharted Forest† . a topographic point where no adult male is permitted entryway. He comes across a house from the â€Å"Unspeakable Times† and inhabits it with a fellow refugee. Liberty 5-3000. whom he loves. The undertaking that Equaltiy 7-2521 assigns himself after many yearss of contemplation is to construct up a force against the society of â€Å"we† . He says that he will salvage his friends. â€Å"And they will follow me and I shall take them to my fortress. And here. in this chartless wilderness. I and they. my chosen friends. my fellow-builders. shall compose the first chapter in the history of man† ( Rand 101 ) . Adam and Equality 7-2521 both took it upon themselves to construct a new society when they were cast out of their old 1 for piquing the most powerful figures. However. their results were rather different in how they took their e arful. Adam. after being told that he is capable to trouble and enduring. when God proclaims. â€Å"By the perspiration of your forehead. you will eat your nutrient until you return to the land. since from it you were taken ; for dust you are and dust you are to return† . shows no reaction. It is about as if he accepted his destiny without reproach. which seems really curious. given the old conditions of his life agreement. While Adam solemnly accepts his destiny. Equality 7-2521 embracings it with unfastened weaponries. laughing after he fell from a tree subdivision. upon a bed of moss. so continuing to turn over down the moss bed. branchlets and foliages in his apparels and hair ( Rand 79 ) . The new milieus that Equality 7-2521. who has taken on the name of Prometheus. has inhabited are new and exciting. all around. and he portions it with his lover. Liberty 5-3000. who now goes by Gaea. Adam and Equality 7-2521. or Prometheus. are about one in the same adult male: both fell victim to their ain greed. both offended the â€Å"gods† of their society. and both were deemed castawaies. taking their lovers with them. While the buildup to the flood tide of both the narratives of Adam and Equality 7-2521 are about the same. they branch off from each other towards the terminal. Adam. accepting decease as a world. and Equality 7-2521. accepting new life as a free adult male. While both work forces were presented with less than pleasant state of affairss. they made the best out of them: Adam. protracting the lifetime of the human race with the company of Eve. and Equality 7-2521 defecting from his old place. choosing to get down a new one with Liberty 5-3000 and his friends. traveling to demo that a state of affairs is what one makes of it. non what is already made for them. Plants Cited The Holy Bible: New International Version: Incorporating the Old Testament and the New Testament. Colorado Springs. Carbon monoxide: International Bible Society. 1984.Print. Rand. Ayn. Anthem. New York: Dutton. 1995. Print.

Free Essays on Jane Eyre And Love

towards the woman that eventually makes her leave and Jane is left feeling triumphant. However, during this diatribe Jane lets her aunt know she truly feels: â€Å"You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you have no pity†(Brontà «, 3... Free Essays on Jane Eyre And Love Free Essays on Jane Eyre And Love Quest for Love If others don’t love me, I would rather die than live- I cannot bear to be solitary and hated, Helen. Look here; to gain some real affection from you, or Miss Temple, or any other whom I truly love, I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken, or to let a bull toss me, or to stand behind a kicking horse, and let it dash its hoof at my chest,- (Brontà «,58-59) These powerful words come from the lips of ten year-old Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel Jane is searching for love: the need to be loved and love she can show to someone else, of the opposite sex, whom she truly loves. There is a problem lying in this simple plan though: Jane keeps running from her possible chances of marriage. This resistance that Jane displays towards marriage is foreshadowed about a third of the way through the novel by a simple game of charades. The answers to two charades in particular are of certain interest: bride and bridewell. These two unsuspecting answers give the reader a subtle warning of what is to come in the future and how Jane’s life will keep unfolding. Jane’s search for love is obvious to the reader from the first page of the novel. We are first introduced to Jane while she is a little girl living with her aunt, Mrs. Reed., at Gateshead Hall. While at Gateshead Jane is subjected to many things by her so called family and love is definitely not one of them. She is beaten, isolated from the rest of the household, and in a very memorable scene locked in a room for a night. Jane’s anger is finally released upon her aunt one night before Jane is sent to school. Jane unleashes a slew of words towards the woman that eventually makes her leave and Jane is left feeling triumphant. However, during this diatribe Jane lets her aunt know she truly feels: â€Å"You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you have no pity†(Brontà «, 3...

College Freshman Survival Kit

College Freshman Survival Kit Going off to college is an exciting time. Youre looking forward to your freedom and beginning your life as an adult. However, inside, you may secretly be dreading this major change. And thats okay! Without parental guidance, youll have many hurdles to navigate on your own. Nobody wants to come home for winter break with several extra pounds, an unfortunate injury from a hazing prank gone wrong, or a report card full of Fs. Our tips will help keep you on track. Here’s what to pack in your college freshman survival kit. 1. Freshman 15 Fighters All-nighters, parties, and unlimited access to food can take their toll on your health - and your waistline. Dont go off to school with a tote full of candy and soda. Pack healthful, nonperishable snacks instead, such as pretzels, crackers, nuts, dried fruit, and protein bars. Have a refillable water bottle on hand, too. Take advantage of your dorm kitchen’s refrigerator, or purchase a mini version for your room. You will find more helpful tips in our ultimate guide - Â  How to Avoid Freshman 15. 2. Sleep Aids The likelihood of being woken up by someone in your room or hall (or a maintenance worker) is about 100 percent on a daily basis. If you want to maintain your own regular sleep schedule, youll no doubt want to pack some highly rated earplugs and a sleep mask. A fan will keep you comfortable and provide white noise for better sleep. A stuffed animal or favorite pillow will make bedtime more familiar and relaxing. 3. Doctor’s Bag Aside from good nutrition and sleep, basic health care should be a focus when packing for college. You’ll surely have access to a campus health center, but many ailments don’t warrant official medical treatment. Always pack a mini first aid kit: Pain Reliever Alka-Seltzer Cough Drops Tissues Bandages Hydrogen Peroxide or Rubbing Alcohol Cotton Swabs or Squares Tweezers You might consider taking a daily multivitamin if you don’t already. 4. Laundry Loot Good old Mom won’t be around to wash your clothes anymore, so be prepared. Of course, detergent is a must, as is fabric softener if you use it. The most fun college activities often lead to stains, so be sure to take a stain treatment of some type. You’ll also want a travel-size sewing kit to take care of missing buttons and other minor wardrobe malfunctions. And, of course, hangers and a laundry basket or bag. If you have room for it, a drying rack saves money and the environment. 5. Office Supplies In today’s digital world, it’s easy to forget good old-fashioned stationery supplies. Things go wrong, and devices fail. You’ll still want some notebooks or paper, pens and pencils, highlighters, sticky notes, and a stapler. Take a journal with you, too. Write in it whenever you’re stressed or homesick. A journal is a great portable and low-budget therapist. (Just be sure to keep it safe from your nosy roommate!) 6. Organizational Basics You’ll need a few basics to keep everything neat: a power strip or two, a shower tote, Command hooks, duct tape, and Super Glue. You should also pack a few basic cleaning supplies. Mr. Clean Magic Erasers are awesome. Cut up an old T-shirt so you’ll have a few rags for dusting and wiping up spills. And you’ll certainly want some type of air freshener! Just be sure your roommate doesn’t have allergies or hate the scent. 7. Party Picks We know that partying is a part of the college experience. Therefore, you shouldnt leave home without a few fun extras. Playing cards, dice, Ping-Pong balls, a shot glass, Mad Libs, and other small items should be readily available whenever an impromptu party occurs. Surviving is only one side of life of the first-year student. To get tips on other aspects of student life, such as studying and networking, check out this awesome infographics with useful tips for freshmen students. If you missed anything or have limited room for transporting your personal belongings, you can always pick up what you need locally once you arrive at school. But taking care of as much as you can up front leaves you free to focus on more important things.

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

E-Business - Essay Example When it comes to business to business e-commerce, there is more to selling and profit making. The strategy is relationship driven. B2B businesses use marketing to inform different companies in the target market because the verdict to procure is typically a multi-step procedure involving more than an individual. For example, the aim of an email campaign for B2B is to make prospects to the net to find out more about ones goods and services. The sharing of educational and awareness business activities strengthens a business’s position in the market. The most difficult challenge in e-commerce is the issue on privacy. As much as online marketing and shopping sites have increased its private policies, it is becoming extremely tasking to be to deal with privacy issue. For a long time, hacking cases have hit major companies like the Master card and McDonalds which compromise data safety. To curb this, it is recommended to provide consumers with an easy way to comprehend private policy so as to, know what to share and with whom. This also provides the consumer with the knowledge of the depth of information they should share (Fletcher, Bell and McNaughton,

Proposal for development of home automation industry Research

For development of home automation industry - Research Proposal Example The customers will react positively by purchasing given products. The system designed by the firm should ensure security within given parameters is enhanced and at the same time reduced cost incurred while providing security to given homestead. The management should focus in providing products that will enhance security and simplify then manner in which individuals interact with their environments. This should keep in mind the firm’s ultimate goal of maximizing profits while ensuring customer satisfaction. There are social considerations while offering a given service and the firm should consider integrating social concepts to their profit maximizing goals. The project should be rolled immediately to avoid new entries into the market that would jeopardize the viability of the product. The market changes thus the firm should utilize the available opportunities within the market to attain their objectives. The long term goals would realized once the firm overcomes the first stages of the project. The acceleration of home automation would depend on the nature in which firms present their product to the market. The proposal would indicate the means the firm would use to ensure satisfaction. Affordability and simplicity of home-automated devices has made it possible for many homes to adapt the system in their day-to-day application. There is the connection between device usage and its immediate environment. Designers have managed to integrate various applications to portable devices such as the Smartphone and tables. There is need to integrate various technological appliances in order to simplify life. Concern of potential users will be whether the systems could affect negatively on their way of life. Most devices concentrate on the simplicity and compatibility of a given device but ignore the actual purpose of any automated device. The major concern of automated devices is the cost that is associated with its usage and installation. Users

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Example for Free

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay We watched two different versions of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream. The first version we watched was from the BBC. This version showed the dream world mixed in with reality, which was quite good. The second version of this play was by channel 4. This was a little less detailed as it showed the forest with lights hanging down. The accents of the actors in the first version were hard to understand because they were from all over England. The first version was also hard to understand because the actors did not use very good body language. The first version also good in the way that it made its forest so life like, well as in the second version it was plain and had doorways in the middle from where people came from. The language use was easier to understand than the second version because the actors used more present English rather than old Shakespeare language. I think that the second version we watched was more suited to children rather than adults because it contained childish humour. When Puck gave Bottom a donkeys head it looked quite unrealistic in the first version because it looked like a rabbit. In the second version Bottoms ass head was good because it actually looked a little realistic. In the second version when Bottom and Titania fell in love, I think they went a bit over the top with the love scene. The first version of the play showed the dream world mixed with reality because Puck made it easy to see who was in the dream world and who wasnt. The strange thing about the second version was having the little boy as a narrator. I think that may confuse people because they have now added another world to the whole story. There is now reality in the film, the dream world and reality in our world. When the first version showed the play by Bottom and his friends it seemed unpracticed and shabby. The second play showed a little humour by adding people forgetting their lines and the good roaring by the lion. They actually performed on a stage which was more appropriate for the occasion. In the first version they had to perform on the floor. If the actors were performing in front of a Duke and a Duchess then the performers should be given a proper performing stage. I think the second version of the play was by far the best because it had better acting and it showed some humour. In the first version I did not like it how the audience could sense the presence of the dream world. After Bottom and his friends had acted I did not understand why Puck had led all of the fairies through the corridors of the house. I think I prefer the second version of the play because I think it is more suited to my age group and plus I understood it a lot better than the first version. This is because it used present English and it used better body language.

Dionysus and the Unraveling of Ideologies in The Bacchae Essay

Dionysus and the Unraveling of Ideologies in The Bacchae    Some evaluations claim that the Dionysus appearing in The Bacchae is fairly true embodiment of the ideals of ancient Athens. He demands only worship and proper reverence for his name, two matters of honor that pervaded both the Greek tragedies and the pious society that viewed them. In other plays, Oedipus' consultations with Apollo and the many Choral appeals to Zeus reveal the Athenian respect for their gods, while Electra's need for revenge and Antigone's obligation to bury Polyneices both epitomize the themes of respect and dignity. Yet although Dionysus personifies these two motifs, his clashes with the rest of Athenian tradition seem to make him its true adversary. Dionysius distinctly opposes the usual views on gender, age, rationality and divinity, leaving the reader to wonder whether these contrasts were Euripidean attempts to illuminate specific facets of the culture itself. Examination of Dionysus's challenges should begin with The Bacchae's most obvious perversion of custom, the question of gender. As Dionysus indicates early in the play, the enraptured band of Bacchant followers is comprised only of females: "Every woman in Thebes-but the women only- / I drove from home" (35-36). Though Cadmus further illuminates the matter by raising the question, "Are we the only men / who will dance for Bacchus?" (195-196), the text offers no definitive explanation for why Dionysus calls solely upon the women. A superficial reading might suggest that Euripides attempted to portray the stereotypical "weaker sex" as the one "more susceptible to invasive passions than men, especially eros and daemonic possession," but more is probably at stake.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As Edith Hall ... ...ty since "things could happen in the real life of Athens which were virtually unthinkable in tragedy, and vice versa." Perhaps the safest assessment of Dionysus is that while not a direct opponent of the traditional ways, his presence, and especially his effect on other characters, serves to highlight many social norms. According to Bernad Knox, "From start to finish, Euripides was 'attempting to show citizens bred in the traditional views...that such conceptions of the gods should offend them.'" Perhaps we as readers will never fully understand the Dionysus that appears in this play, but a closing look at a remark of the Chorus may bring us a step closer to this understanding: --What is wisdom? What gift of the gods is held in honor like this: to hold your hand victorious over the heads of those you hate? Honor is precious forever. (877-881)

Creative Piece of the Great Gatsby

â€Å"What are you doing? † Nick inquired. â€Å"Just standing here, old sport. † I felt relieved, at least I had a friend standing in this dark night with me now, I won’t be alone anymore like I was always be. Somehow, I know my face looks really vicious right now. I might be too worried about what happened tonight. Nick seemed to be frightened by me. After a really awkward silence, I decided to shoot my question:† Did you see any trouble on the road? † â€Å"Yes, †obviously he’s waiting for my confession. I don’t want to surrender my little hope that quickly, â€Å" Was she killed? â€Å"Yes. † His reply was simple and strong. At that moment I had the impulsion to tell him everything happened tonight, but I still kept it to myself eventually. â€Å" I thought so; I told Daisy I thought so. It’s better that the shock should all come at once. She stood it pretty well. † I was kind of surprised by my attitude. I was talking about a dead woman who had been killed by Daisy and all I care is Daisy’s reaction. Since when did I become so cold-blooded? To distract him from my reaction, I continued:† I got to West Egg by a side road and left the car in my garage.I don’t think anybody saw us, but of course I can’t be sure. † I tried my best to put on a cheerful smile and tell him everything will be ok. He’s astonished by my indifferent attitude. â€Å" Ok, man, I really don’t think you understand how severe this car accident was and I hate to tell you that you are absolutely wrong,† he skillfully hid his disgusted face and went on,† her name was Wilson. Her husband owns the garage. Now let’s be honest, it was you or Daisy driving that damn devil car? † I know he would punch me in my face if I kept saying some nonsense. Yes, she was driving, but of course I ‘ll say I was. When we left New York she was really nervous th at she thought she would be steady if she could drive. You know I always let her do whatever she wants to do. So this woman, rushed out at us just as we were passing a car coming the other way. It all happened to fast to save anything. She seemed like she wanted to speak to us, I don’t even know who she was. First Daisy turned away from the woman toward the other car, but for some reasons she turned back and smashed into her. I think she wanted to kill her, old sport. Yes, she succeeded, it ripped her open. † Nick doesn’t seem surprised; he probably knows something about Daisy and that woman. At that moment, I was irritated because this whole world is filled with lies and I’m the only idiot who has no idea what’s going on. â€Å" Don’t tell me. I don’t want to hear it. † I was so frustrated that I tried to deceive myself that Daisy just accidentally killed that woman. † I tried to make her stop but the car’s brake w as broken so she couldn’t. I pulled on the emergency brake and she fell over into my lap and I drove on. † â€Å"I hope Daisy will be alright tomorrow.I’m so worried about her right now. Yes, she’s gonna to be relaxed. That’s right, nothing is gonna bother her, except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nick interrupted with an angry roar, â€Å"Seriously man, you guys killed an innocent woman! It’s not like a forgivable mistake that you can do something to compensate. I really hate judging people but the way you deal with this accident and your attitude really irritate me. I can’t stand it anymore. Where are your sympathy, innocence and passion? It’s not worth it to lose them to Daisy. † I made a parting grasp at my hair because I dislike myself too.All those good and evil things happened upon my life made me exhausted. The only goal I have for now is to protect Daisy. Or, I might just want to keep the most beautiful memory of my life in my deep soul and have the extravagant hope that I can make everything looks just like before. Marrying Daisy is probably no longer my dream, getting the stubborn me satisfied by achieving all those old dreams is. To get rid of this wild surmise, I continued, â€Å" I’ll wait here and see if he tries to bother her about that unpleasantness this afternoon.I told her that if he intends to do anything she could lock herself in her room and turn the light out and on again. † â€Å"He won’t touch her. † He blinked his eye and said,† He’s not thinking about her. † â€Å"I don’t trust him, old sport. † He seemed to be annoyed by our nonsensical conversation. â€Å" How long are you going to wait? † â€Å"All night, if necessary. Anyhow, till they all go to bed. † I hope my persistence can drive him away and fortunately it worked, â€Å"You wait here,† he said, â€Å"I’ll go see if there’s any sign of a commotion. † After he’s gone, I’m a little bored by the sudden quietness.Actually, I’m also confused by what I really want to find out tonight. One of the inner villains keeps telling me that nothing special will happen tonight and Daisy won’t let you take the responsibility for her. The other one despised my infatuation and implied me that Daisy was conspiring with Tom. Maggie Chen Mr. Maurer Voices 16 February 2013 Analysis In this chapter, we can get the general idea that Gatsby is confused with his true feelings to Daisy. He used to be obsessed with her and was willing to do anything to win her back.However, after what happened in recent years, he started to open his eyes and look within. He’s not satisfied with the life he is living now. Although he once had really clear goals that were even not worth fighting for, at least he had motivation to keep his strength and finally achieved his dreams. Judging by his inner struggle and all the things he said to Nick in this chapter, he tries his best to relive his old life and pursue all those unfinished dreams. As we explore deeper into the particular mental activities, he apparently is just completing tasks out of obligation, without any care in it.For example, he keeps telling himself that Daisy is going to be all right â€Å"I hope Daisy will be alright tomorrow. I’m so worried about her right now. Yes, she’s gonna to be relaxed. That’s right, nothing is gonna bother her, except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These words are also used to comfort himself by saying he has already done everything he could. Gatsby also changes from an innocent sympathetic boy into an indifferent murderer who doesn’t value other people’s lives. Even Nick, a non-judging good friend can’t stand it anymore, as he says, â€Å"It’s not like a forgivable mistake that you can do something to compensate. In my opinion, Gatsby staring  into the night at the g reen light at the end of Daisy's dock, having lavish parties to attract her attention, making money only to win Daisy back, using Daisy's cousin Nick to arrange a â€Å"crafty† reunion, buying the multi-million dollar home just to be near her and taking the responsibility for the car crash only to save Daisy's sanity, all these are more signs of obsession than true love. Gatsby’s obsession with Daisy is hopeless and he’s quite enjoying what he’s doing.

Educational Underachievement Essay

Some sociologists believe in-school factors are responsible for educational underachievement because of many reasons such as- subcultures, setting and streaming and Interactionism where teachers label a pupils likely performance which have an impact on that individual which can be in the form of racism. In opposition, some sociologists disagree because there out-of-school factors too such as; material deprivation, cultural deprivation and innate explanation theory. I have to discuss if in-school factors are responsible. On the one hand, sociologists agree that in-school factors are the cause for educational underachievement as subcultures within schools change through anti-school students. This is because several individuals in school ethos may experience peer-pressure or feel intimidated from their teachers and pro-students who make them conform a specific culture that doesn’t value education such as; ‘urban’ or ‘street’. Therefore he/she could underachieve; they have anti-learning attitudes and a bad perspective of the school due to the expected code of behaviour from their teachers, which is failure, even know they may be smart. They start to accept their label as failure and displace the schools norms and values with their own where they bunk school, disrupt lessons and argue with teachers. Another reason is the educational system is unfair. Schools may give same test to all students however the test covers a less range of skills; memory, knowledge and logic. Therefore, some pupils have an advantage. Students who have mixed abilities, are shown as less able to achieve good grades as that test is excluding their best skills. The setting and streaming of a school can also be unfair. Some students are just thrown in lower sets (3,4,5) because of their behaviour rather than their smartness. So, teachers have lower expectations for them and may underestimate their abilities which causes them to underachieve even though they may be bright. The Interactionism theory is where school teachers can intentionally or unintentionally label students. They label students which is attached to that individual either as a good or bad stigma. But bad stigma can be very sticky to take off and it may result as a stereotype. Sociologists, Rosenthal and Jacobson experimented with the idea of labelling. They found out students that were told would be successful, achieved the highest by spurting as teachers believed in them more highly. This suggests labelling leads to self-fulfilling prophecy where pupils achievements are as good or bad as they were told. A bad label leads the individual to perform as badly as their teachers anticipated them to. As a result of this, they experience negative self-fulfilling prophecy that causes underachievement. Lastly, some schools can be institutionally racist. Some teachers can talk very slowly to different ethics, for example, African Caribbean boys because they have the sticky stereotype they are naughty and easily distracted. This can lead to African Caribbean boys accepting this therefore those ethnic minority pupils underachieve at school. Moreover, some schools have exams the day after Eid which can be racist as they don’t take into account Muslim students can’t revise for that particular test the day before therefore their self esteem is lowered. On the other hand, sociologists consider that out-of-school factors are responsible for educational underachievement. Sociologists believe that children’s attitudes towards learning begin to develop at an early stage, in their home environment and these attitudes affect success of the child’s education later on in life. Working class or underclass backgrounds, or different ethnics like Afro-Caribbean and Bangladeshi pupils are likely to suffer from cultural deprivation as parents lack interest and expectations in education making the children feel they lack skills, knowledge and feel less confident at school. Middle class and Chinese students achieve more as they have more cultural capital where their parents take interest and have high expectations. So early stages of an individuals life affects their education at school. Sociologists agree that material deprivation impacts on a child’s success. By material deprivation you can experience lack of resources. For example, if you are poor, you have no extra resources such as; revision books, laptop or a private tutor to help enhance knowledge in learning therefore you can underachieve and in the long term in would impact on the individuals career. Bullying can be caused from material deprivation from the lack of appearance in- shoe, clothes, make-up, hair. It can cause the individual to worry so much about that situation that the student couldn’t learn up to her/his full potential. The innate explanation is the theory where some people are genetically less intelligent. This leads to sociologists arguing some students are just not clever as others therefore in-school factors are not at fault for educational underachievement. Gender differences is also an out-of-school factor. It is said girls outperform boys, this is believed to be because girls and boys are socialised differently when young. Their parents put their beliefs on gender stereotypes and encourage girls to read in doors however disprove if boys to read so they send him outside to play. Therefore girls have an advantage as they are learning from a younger age while boys start to learn at school. Moreover, boys are less involved in education and seem casual; this could lead to underachievement. Whereas girls are organized and interested. To conclude, I think sociologists would disagree in-school factors are responsible as out-of-school factors are more the origin of educational underachievement. This is because children education starts in the home environment. Also of cultural and material deprivation. If parents value education more greatly; and the parents educational backgrounds are high-level they take interest in child’s progress and help with homework therefore the students would be achieving confidently at their best potential. However children who suffer cultural deprivation are not motivated from an early stage. Children from poor families have no access to facilities to help them study at home. Yet in-school factors such as- peer groups and the setting and streaming off schools can be very unfair as they don’t test a range of skills.

Definition and Examples of Jargon

Definition and Examples of Jargon Jargon refers to the specialized language of a professional or occupational group. While this language is often useful or necessary for those within the group, it is usually meaningless to outsiders. Some professions have so much jargon of their own that it has its own name; for example, lawyers use legalese, while academics use academese. Jargon is also sometimes known as lingo or argot. A passage of text that if full of jargon is said to be jargony. Key Takeaways: Jargon Jargon is the complex language used by experts in a certain discipline or field. This language often helps experts communicate with clarity and precision. Jargon is different from slang, which is the casual language used by a particular group of people. Critics of jargon believe such language does more to obscure than clarify; they argue that most jargon can be replaced with simple, direct language without sacrificing meaning. Supporters of jargon believe such language is necessary for navigating the intricacies of certain professions. In scientific fields, for instance, researchers explore difficult subjects that most laypeople would not be able to understand. The language the researchers use must be precise because they are dealing with complex concepts (molecular biology, for example, or nuclear physics) and simplifying the language might cause confusion or create room for error. In Taboo Language, Keith Allan and Kate Burridge argue that this is the case: Should jargon be censored?  Many people think it should.  However,  close examination of jargon shows that, although some of it is vacuous pretentiousness...its proper use is both necessary and unobjectionable. Critics of jargon, however, say such language is needlessly complicated and in some cases even deliberately designed to exclude outsiders. American poet David Lehman has described jargon as the verbal sleight of hand that makes the old hat seem newly fashionable. He says the language gives an air of novelty and specious profundity to ideas that, if stated directly, would seem superficial, stale, frivolous, or false. In his famous essay Politics and the English Language, George Orwell argues that obscure and complex language is often used to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. Jargon vs. Slang Jargon should not be confused with slang, which is informal, colloquial language sometimes used by a group (or groups) of people. The main difference is one of register; jargon is formal language unique to a specific discipline or field, while slang is common, informal language that is more likely to be spoken than written. A lawyer discussing an amicus curiae brief is an example of jargon. A teen talking about making dough is an example of slang. List of Jargon Words Jargon can be found in a variety of fields, from law to education to engineering. Some examples of jargon include: Due diligence: A business term, due diligence refers to the research that should be done before making an important business decision.AWOL: Short for absent without leave, AWOL is military jargon used to describe a person whose whereabouts are unknown.Hard copy: A common term in business, academia, and other fields, a hard copy is a physical printout of a document (as opposed to an electronic copy).Cache: In computing, cache refers to a place for shorts of detritivores include earthworms, sea cucumbers, and millipedes. Holistic: Another word for comprehensive or complete, holistic is often used by educational professionals in reference to curriculum that focuses on social and emotional learning in additional to traditional lessons.Magic bullet: This is a term for a simple solution that solves a complex problem. (It is usually used derisively, as in I dont think this plan youve come up with is a magic bullet.)Best practice: In business, a best practice is one that should be adopted because it has proven effectiveness.

The Science and Art of Nursing Essay

The Science and Art of Nursing Essay The Science and Art of Nursing Essay Nursing can be expressed as both a science and an art. Nursing has to embrace both science and art of the practice. The field of nursing can be broad and ambiguous. Therefore nurse’s duties are misconstrued causing appropriate boundaries between primary physician activates and nursing activities to be blurred. The effectiveness of nursing is dependent on the interaction of the people in the nursing sector and a developed control of human emotion, discipline, and adequate skillset. The skill, knowledge and judgment that must be exercised by nurses are what are constituted as an art form, because of the level of control involved with the practice. Science aims at expanding the knowledge of the individual and the subject matter involved. This is what relates nurse partitioning as a science (Donahue, 2011). The increase in knowledge that informs and underpins the practice and thinking of a discipline is the science, nature, and art of the study. This short dissertation outline s the elements that make nursing both an art and a science, which when adequately balanced benefit the patient and surrounding practitioners’ experience. â€Å"Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God’s spirit?† (Sienna Heights University, 2013) Nursing as a Science Medical Science has had an instrumental role in health. The major focus has been placed on the reliable methodologies and scientific development. According to the American Nurses Association, nurses have a unique role to assist the sick individuals in activities that contribute to health and recovery. The way that nurses fulfill their duties is what will determine whether the act is an art or a science or an equivalent application of both characteristics. The nurse should be familiar with and understand the medical terms, medical procedures, and various medicines administered to patients to provide optimal care patient care. They must also study and thoroughly understand symptoms and precautionary actions to be taken in regard to patient illness. There is a noteworthy constituent of precision to be utilized to facilitate daily medical tasks within the medical environment. Science is a study of precision, facts, and an aim to transform theory to fact. Nurses must be familiar with a pl ethora of facts on a daily basis. The process of mastering this ability is a science. The mastering of this process delineates a less skilled nurse from an expert (Lynch Duval, 2011). As a science, the scientific progress in nursing provides a practical aid to the nurses that help them enhance the relationship with and care for the people. Even still, nursing is a scholarly adventure that requires the nurses to be equipped with purpose, boldness and a sense of creativity and freedom. This segment of nursing is the art of it. The aforesaid components enable nurses to share their personal scholarship and broaden the understanding of the profession. It is this â€Å"personal touch† that makes nursing just as much an art as a science. More carefully explained, the two comingle, more often than not. Each nurse has their own style of executing the necessary daily assignments of their profession. The way these actions are carried out make nursing an art, controlled by a science, that may be individualized, unique, and customized to each nurse’s liking. The ability to customize their experience bust still perform required responsibilities is a challenge that also differentiates a good nurse from a bad one. This same process is becomes a meticulous science that must be intricately pursued (Sienna Heights University, 2013) Research indicates that a huge potency of the nurse practitioner is in his capacity to trounce the objectivity gaze that only describes the disease and forgets the human experience (Sienna Heights University, 2013). The nurses have in history proven their capability to survive in certain ways comparable to the pioneers of the occupation. In order to tackle the prospective challenges, nurses need to extend themselves beyond a reactive level. This extension must be a well-planned methodology, though, because if not properly managed nurses can be overwhelmed by emotional stress, preventing them from accurately doing their job. A strategic approach to the workforce development has been recognized internationally as imperative. The strategic approach presents the nurses an opportunity to develop professionally and academically. The nurse theorist and other scholars furthering the development of the nursing practices are considered to be cultural creators of nursing. They are also seen as contributors to the larger movement towards science within the society. The American Nurses Association encourages the nurses to continue studying in the field just to ensure that one is head of the curve (Lynch Duval, 2011). Nursing as a science is the most obvious form of. The ability to be a satisfactory nurse heavily relies on the understanding of medical terms and procedures. For instance, a relatively new doctor may treat a diabetic patient for symptoms. A nurse working under the new doctor may have previously worked with diabetic patients extensively and immediately known since the patient did not have in infection, they could easily provide the patient with food to raise his or her blood sugar. The science aspect of nursing understanding the effect of glucose is displayed as the nurse obviously had more sufficient training in understanding the symptoms of the patient. Nursing as an Art As an art, the nurses enhance the ability to feel, sense, know and perceive care delivery in a manner that demonstrate their mastery of the field’s practices. Nursing has empowered and transformed situations with the clients towards favorable health changes. Hildegard Peplau, a great psychiatrist and nursing theorist, outlined the three components of nursing as an art. They are product, medium and the process. The product facet of art involves the enhanced operation of the client, which might not include observable outcomes. The process entails the interactions initiated by the nurse as he moves to the end point. The process might also involve the application of practical or technical skills. The medium is an art that brings about the amendment towards health in the course of stimulating the client’s potential (Smith Turkel, 2012). An example is that of a patient at the hospital, who is a fugitive of the law or ought to be a witness. When the government or police learn of the patient’s whereabouts, they should make arrangements with the hospital to transfer the patient for security purposes. When a nurse travels along with the patient to offer assistance when required, the nurse must be equipped to offer the much needed care to the patient. Similarly, it is artistic how the nurse interacts with the patient. The situation also depends on the type of care given to this patient that will see to his recovery. The crafty way that a nurse quickly and efficiently administers care is an art form that must not be taken for granted (Masters, 2012). Improving the Professional Nursing Environment Nurses should realize the reality that their job is about the balance of the art and the science of their methodologies. This process will broaden their mind on the methods of inquiry needed to nurture patients and improve the field of nursing. Integration of the science and art facets can result in an expert revelation of further discovery and advancement in the practice of nursing worldwide. This hiatus has hindered the practice of nursing for quite some time but provided a link between nursing theory and practice, this gap can be sealed. Another element that is artful is practiced in a reflective way through the enriched knowledge of self-caring, meaning that many nursing neglect the care of their own mental and physical health for their sake of their patients. These actions give way to burnout, fatigue, confusion and depression – all of which characteristics are detrimental to the nursing process. The health care environment, in its entirety, must be more inviting to change and more sympathetic of each facet (employee) involved in the magic of medical care. For these reasons, the major influences necessary to improve the nursing field are flexibility and open-mindedness, balance and constant evaluation. (Smith, Turkel, 2012). Changes in Nursing: The Last Half Decade In the last five years, I have realized that much of the nursing I do centers around patient contact and communication. I recall a night in the ER when a man was transported to the hospital for disorderly inebriation. The staff soon learned that he was in town for a funeral and was a part of the Witness Protection Program. The police immediately decided to transport the patient due to the possibility that the hospital could be put into danger. I remember speaking to the police and advising them that it was not in his best interest to be transported. However, the police insisted he must be transported. Therefore, I volunteered to ride along in the ambulance to ensure the patients’ health during the transportation. The art of nursing was displayed as I knew the patient would feel secure and at ease knowing a professional is with him. This is a prime example of the lack of concern displayed by medical practitioners in regard to patients and on the count of protocol. Protocol shou ld be less important when concerning the health and safety of human life. Other major influences changing the health care environment and professional nursing practice, including changes in health care services due to productivity and cost-effectiveness being used to restructure hospitals. Furthermore, there are various changes in policy and health care taken place in the industry. These simple changes lead to dissatisfaction and a lack of clear direction for some employees in my work environment. If customers are dissatisfied with the services they are receiving, hospitals will not receive the revenue and patient capacity to exist for as long as they have. Lastly, an even more common problem that my hospital has encountered is a repeated cycle of nurse shortages. I recently spoke to a faculty member at a University and she stated they turn away quality applicants due to a shortage of faculty and teaching sites. Nursing shortages are a frightful occurrence that should alarm any physician. Without the assistance of nurses, doctors are presented with an even greater challenge of helping others than ever before. The shortage of assistance with the hospital will pose an egregious threat to the medical field in the very near future. Suggested Strategies After BSN training Upon completing my BSN, I would hope to investigate changes that can prevent the vicious cycle detailed above. Educating nurses on the art and science correlation should be reformed so that qualified students are able to enter a nursing program and exit with a greater understanding of the underlying principles of their field. Reforming education is always a beneficial suggestion to any field, but particularly concerning the field of nurses, demand for new nurses may increase because nurses will be more dynamically educated. Several techniques can be implemented to increase employee morale and allow for better adjustment to the changes. Hospitals can update policy and guidelines to make it easier for nurses to understand the new changes. Several meetings can be held to establish a clear direction for nurses and reiterate the values of the company. Furthermore, the company can provide nurses with training on organizational barriers to increase communication between staff and constantly reinforce principles to avoid burnout and misperception. Conclusion In conclusion, nursing profession has drastically evolved since the Florence Nightingale Era. With the advancement of technology and nursing education, the profession has become more respectable but still faces significant hurdles to overcome. Nurses are not only care providers but are playing a vital role in care-giving. For this reason, the nursing profession is interchangeably an art and a science. As an art, nursing entails an appropriate interaction between the patient and the nurse. This enables the nurse to offer ideal care to the patient. As a science, the nurse must be knowledgeable and accurate in respect to the profession. Nurses should be aware of the changing environment of nurses, more particularly the medical terms, the procedures, disease symptom, and evolving ways to care for patients and themselves. The improvement in the nursing profession would be possible if the nurses take it upon themselves the responsibility of constantly expanding their knowledge base in this field and informing and involving all other medical professionals in their vicinity, as well. If you need help with writing your Nursing essay dont hesitate to visit our essay writing service which will write a great-quality custom paper on any topic!

Managing people in the work environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing people in the work environment - Essay Example Organisational researches reflect that employees would be most open to learning during the initial stages of their job. Since induction would produce valuable impacts on the work area, managers must design a well structured induction program. This paper will analyse various contributions that induction makes to tourism, events, or consumer-focused organisations in UK. Benefits of induction to tourism Tourism as a fast growing industry has become the major source of revenue for many developing countries. There are two trends emerging in tourism recently; people visiting hill stations, seashores and historical places of domestic land; and people travel abroad to enjoy the beauty of foreign destinations. The tourism policy focuses on the supply of adequate facilities to accommodate and entertain the visitors. It is obvious that an individual would not get a good touring experience unless he/she is provided with the service of an efficient tourist guide. In other words, employees working in the tourism sector must be skilled and efficient in order to give a memorable touring experience to clients. By considering the emerging scope of tourism sector, more and more employees are recruited presently. At this juncture, a well designed induction program would promote effective communication between the manager and employees since the very beginning. It is important for employees in the tourism sector to be aware of the mental perceptions of the customers as they are to deal with people from different regions and cultures. According to Kusluvan (2003, p. 79), a good induction programme may largely increase the scope of tourism sector which in turn would serve the economic interests of the nation as a whole. Similarly, the induction may also help the industry to meet the increasing employee requirements. To illustrate, since induction programme assists employees to quickly assimilate with the organisation, they become able to bear organisational responsibilities within a shorter period of time. As a result, organisations’ employee training and development processes become comparatively cost effective. Benefits of induction to consumer-focused organisations in UK It has been identified that the concept of induction offers far reaching benefits to consumer-focused organisations in UK. A consumer focused organisation provides exceptional services to its customers and it is often recognized as an entity that incorporates customer-focused behaviors into its daily operations. ‘First Direct’ is an example of customer-focused organisation in UK, which provides flexible services to its customers. Any organisation can turn into a customer-focused organisation by restructuring its policies and practices. Since the organisations in UK have access to a large group of potential consumers, they can make considerable changes in profitability by applying effective strategies that may improve overall organisational performance. As everyone knows, the quality of worksite environment plays a vital role in determining the efficacy of organisational performance. In order to improve the quality of the workplace atmosphere, it is necessary to meet the employees’ worksite interests effectively. A well planned induction program would not only meet this objective but also add to organisational value. It is important to make a new employee feel at home as the first step in the process of integrating him/her into the workplace. Obviously, a new staff would

The Business, Its Mission and Its Strategy Term Paper

The Business, Its Mission and Its Strategy - Term Paper Example The organization has continued to experience an explosive growth, which is demonstrated by its annual revenues moving from $250,000 in 2009 to over $2 million in 2010 (Samasource, 2011). Samasource’s core business is outsourcing of digital work from large or small organizations. The organization offers outsourcing services under five broad categories: data services, research and archival services, machine learning, customer support services, and online content services (Samasource, 2012). This is mainly done on the Internet. The organization operates as follows. First it sources for work from other organizations. It then uses a proprietary technology platform to divide the digital work it has received into smaller tasks which are then distributed through the Internet to its various processing centers or partner sites. At these processing centers Samasource specifically recruits and trains women and youth from poverty-stricken areas who then perform the small tasks. Upon co mpletion, each of these small tasks is taken through a rigorous quality-assurance process on the proprietary platform before they are aggregated back into complete projects and delivered to the clients. The proprietary technology platform is known as SamaHub and the small tasks are referred to as microwork – a term first coined by the Samasource founder. ... This industry has numerous buyers and suppliers, which makes the bargaining power of both parties relatively weak. The three forces that Samasource would need to be wary of are competitive rivalry, threat of entry and threat of substitutes. The intensity of rivalry here is currently moderate because of the contrasting characteristics. On the one hand, there are numerous competitors, which should warrant a fight for market share. On the other hand, industry growth is high, and this somewhat negates the need for fighting over market share. Also, exit barriers in this industry are low, which means that companies that are earning low or negative returns can easily opt to leave the market rather than struggle. This eliminates excess capacity from the market (Porter, 2008). Nevertheless, we single out competitive rivalry because of the potential for rivals to converge and compete on the same dimensions. The nearly identical services of rivals coupled with low buyer switching costs could lead to price competition and, consequently, destructive rivalry. Barriers to entry for this industry are low for the following reasons. Firstly, the primary infrastructure for this industry is the Internet, which weakens the incumbents’ ability to harness supply-side economies of scale. Secondly, buyers face low switching costs in changing suppliers. Thirdly, capital requirements are modest. Fourth, the Internet gives new entrants equal access to the distribution channel. These low entry barriers make the threat of entry industry force to be very high. Substitutes to Samasource’s offerings are Odesk, Elance, Freelancer and other online outsourcing sites as well as the traditional BPOs found in the developing countries. We have

Health Systems Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Systems Administration - Essay Example St. Louis-based BJC HealthCare, a $2.1 billion, 13-hospital system. In BJC's business model, the hospitals openly compete with each other on a wide range of fronts. There is not a combined medical staff, so referrals and revenue are fair game to all. BJC's marketing aim is to increase total revenue by gaining market share. By using a unique organizational model, it appears to be achieving both. BJC's model advocates local autonomy. Individual operating units set their targets and strategies to build their respective books of business. The corporate marketing department provides key resources in marketing consulting, market research, database management, and a call center for business development. On behalf of its facilities, the corporate office fields 425,000 calls to the call center a year and manages 2.5 million records in a master customer database, euphemistically referred to as its corporate memory. In comparison with other multihospital system models, BJC's corporate marketing supports rather than dictates strategy. "We are essentially a consulting resource to our facilities," said Tess Niehaus, director of corporate marketing for BJC. ... key term for organizations pursuing competitive strategy--is strategically appropriate and beneficial in one or more service lines for most organizations. Monitoring capabilities will be present and external benchmarks will be accessed, but leaders are not acting on the information they receive. Some of the other warning signs typical of organizations with pending distress include board and senior management acceptance of poor financial performance, poor physician relations, lack of middle management depth, lack of accountability or illogical reporting relationships involving managers/ supervisors, erosion of a profitable payer mix, and steadily declining operating margins or increasing losses. Another company, Bain & Company is a global business-consulting firm. Its main business is to assist the organizations to become more profitable through the use of various strategic techniques and leadership qualities. Bain is working to help companies find the next wave of profitable growth in turbulent economic times. Growth strategy is a core product of Bain & Company, and work with growth businesses around the world. Bain focuses on growth in terms of revenue, cash flow and shareholder value, all of which are needed for sustainable, profitable performance. Bain focus on the fact that to grow successfully, a company must first properly define and focus on its profitable core. An organization can pursue business adjacencies that substantiate its core, that reinforced the capability to contemplate and quickly react to the competition, and that develop processes to eliminate or circumvent the inherent organizational inhibitors to growth. And when the core formula has run its course, or faces industry upheaval, it times to renew your strategy and capabilities. They help managers

Technology: Killing Our Ability Of Writing

Technology: Killing Our Ability Of Writing As the technology advanced, people have changed the way of how they write. Haimran Julka, an article writer of The Economic Times mentions that there are about 245 million of Internet users in US. The number of Internet users is growing at an extraordinary pace. It can somewhat show how much the people like to write on the social media. The new generation is given much more opportunities than the old generation to write by social media. The social media provides an open platform to all people. We can broadcast our views to the world, potentially reaching millions of readers. As long as we are able to connect to the Internet, we are able to write on the social media at anytime and anywhere. Although the social media benefits us in some ways, we should concern to how the social media harms our ability on writing. Because of the everyday usage of social media, the social media has changed our writing style unknowingly. People start to adapt to the short writing style which is created by the social media and the new generation is writing much more words than the old generation. Since we are used to write short sentences on the social media, we change the way of formulate or express our thoughts. We have started to ignore what the basic requirements of writing a formal essay is. As time goes by, our ability of writing long and organized essays has been weakened. The first reminder is what the basic requirements of writing a formal essay are. Complete sentences, correct spelling, well organized and proper grammar should be the necessities. However, none of the above we can learn from writing on the social media. It is common that people would never write complex sentences on social media such as on Facebook status and on article comment. We never try to write a hundred words sharing on our opinions and feelings because no one is going to read that. Everyone prefers looking something short and easy to understand on the screen of technology; no one is going to concern about the spelling or grammar. If I feel sad today, probably I am going to write Bad Day or just put a crying face on my Facebook status. After few minutes, my friends will start to like my status. So, I never need to write a well-organized paragraph to explain what has happened, which makes me sad because no one actually cares. It is not surprising that the short writing style which is created by the social media can be discovered in many other places. When we are reading news on The Wall Street Journal, there are many different short issue summaries and articles for us to read. Once we finish reading an article, we can click the comments button to view the other readers comments and know how they think about the issue. The comments are usually short and not in complete sentences or sometimes even in point form. It cannot be denied that the short articles and comments can reduce our reading time and we can obtain the largest amount of information we need in the shortest time. However, we may feel difficult to elaborate our points or thoughts and write long essays since we are used to this kind of short writing style. Here is another example of short writing style on the social media. According to the New Media Writing, it says college students are fairly accustomed to the course blog, where they are expecte d to summarize responses to require readings, link to related articles, and comment on other students course blogs. It shows that we like to read and write summaries on the social media. Our time can greatly be saved because of the short writing style. On the other hand, our sense of writing long and organized essays is weakened unknowingly. Besides on website article, we also can find another good example of short writing style on the social media. Text messages often have limitation on the number of characters, so shortcuts are commonly used. Some educators think that the shortcuts damage the students ability of writing English. Jacquie Ream writes this on his book to support the educators: The kids arent learning to spell. Theyre learning acronyms and shorthand. Text messaging is destroying the written word. Students arent writing letters; theyre typing into their cell phones one line at a time. Feelings arent communicated with words when youre texting; emotions are sideways smiley faces. Kids are typing shorthand jargon that isnt even a complete thought (8). Everything we use on the social media is short: short forms, short summaries, short sentences and short opinions. We have greatly advanced in the technology of the internet and the technology helps us to save our time. Most of the information appears on the social media is short and it helps us to achieve the goal of time saving. The short writings on the social media help us to share information in a faster way. However, there is always give and take: we are now able to obtain faster communication and the information we want from the social media as soon as possible, on the other hand we are giving up our ability of writing long essays. Besides the short writing style, the massive amount of words which we have written on the social media also harms our writing skill. I find a saying which is mentioned in the Studies Explore Whether the Internet Makes Students Better Writers very impressive to me, why is it that with young people reading and writing more words than ever before in human history, we find no gains in reading and writing scores? (Keller). Here comes a question: we are writing far more words than the old generation, however, is our writing improving at the same time? Why do people write so much on the social media? Josh Keller has suggested a reason for that, since we have to communicate with others on the social media, it forces us to write more and more on the social media. Since the explosion of social networking service, our daily life has been connected to the Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, and the other social media. On condition that there is accessible Wi-Fi, we can write every minute and every moment. There is free Wi-Fi everywhere now. No matter we are having our lunch at McDonald or we are doing window shopping in a mall, we can write on the social media with our smart phones. Besides the easy connection to the Internet, we like to write on the social media because there are no restrictions like sentence structure, spelling and grammar on the social media. In the past, once the people had graduated, they would not like to write unless their jobs demanded them to write (Thompson). We can discover an obvious change on our writing attitude. We are writing a lot of things on the social media but none of them is formal writing. Keep writing informal writings all the time cannot help us to produce a better official writing. The sharing we post on our Facebook or Blogs may look fine in our peers eyes but our professor may have no idea what we are talking about. The technology does a great effort on making writing easier by providing software to detect spelling and grammatical error. The technology brings us many conveniences but it also distracts our attention on the usage of words. We do not have to worry about the spelling because of the great invention of the spelling checker. The spelling checker helps us to correct our spelling by providing us similar vocabularies. We may find out that spelling has become a piece of cake. However, have you ever chosen the wrong word for your essay? Here is an example from Does Digital Media Makes Us Bad Writers?, I feel so necrotic, writes a college student. Well maybe he does have a bad case of dead tissue. Whats more likely is that he means neurotic, but his spelling checker insists on necrotic, so whats a student to do? (Karp). Suppose you are now in a similar situation, are you going to trust your spelling checker or are you going to believe in yourself? Choosing the wrong words has become a common writing mistake nowadays. A grammar checker functions in a similar manner. We are depending on too much on the technology and it weakens our awareness of word usage. From my point of view, this is why we are writing massive amount of words on the social media but our writing is not improving at the same time. Our writing quality cannot be improved by writing more words on the social media. Josh Keller mentions the condition when we are writing to our friends on the social media in his article, youre writing to other 17-year-old, so your vocabulary is going to be the conventional vocabulary of the 17-year-old idiom. We are using the same vocabulary to communicate with our friends on the social media every day, how can we practice our writing if we write just for fun but not for learning new items? Sometimes we may make mistake on our sentence structure, spelling or grammar when we are writing to our friends on the social media. However, our friends are not going to correct us. We will keep making the mistakes and it does not help us to improve our writing skill. According to Bad Student Writing? Not so Fast!, some people may argue that the new generation has developed a new style to share their feelings clearly on the social media while the old generation is still worrying the quality of the new generation (Fendrich). From my point of view, our writing quality has become worse because we are using the short writing style and writing too much on the social media. Its true that the social media provides us a greater opportunity to write: Facebook, simply blogging or e-mail. Also the technology makes the writing process much easier. We can now ignore the spelling and the usage of grammar with the help of the spelling checker and the grammar checker. However, the social media contributes no benefits on our writing skill but weakens our ability of writing long formal writings and word usage. We may think that it doesnt matter to have bad writing skill. As long as we are not going to become a writer, everything will be good. The fact is that bad writing skill can affect our job opportunity and job performance. It is because good writing skill can build up a good first impression to the hiring managers, show our communication skill and enhance our credibility. How do the hiring managers give the first impressions to the job seekers? The managers obtain the first impressions by reading the job seekers application letters. Our ability to write complete sentences, spell correct words, and use the proper grammar plays an important role in building our personal brand. We can build up a good image to our potential employers if we have strong writing skill. Imagine you are now a job seeker. If you receive an e-mail which asks you to attend a job interview, are you going to answer the e-mail in this way #1: Dear Ms. Simko: Thank you for contacting me. Friday at 2:30 P.M. will work well for me. I appreciate your interest in me as a candidate and I look forward to meeting you on Friday! Best Regards, Bob or in this way #2: Sounds great! See you then (Simko). The short writing style #2 is always not suitable for communicating with someone professionally. Besides affecting our image, our writing skill can also reflect our communication skill. In Why Writing Matters, it shows the relationship between our writing skill and communication skill: Good students must be able to understand and then synthesize the information from a variety of sources, both primary and secondary. Once they synthesize information, they must spread it to others effectively. With new forms of communication in our changing society, we must adapt. Web pages, e-mail and text messaging now exist alongside traditional forms of communication such as print journalism and books. It becomes more important to learn good writing skills in order to compose effective web pages, cover letters and even e-mails. These new forms of communication require foundational skills in writing (Thomas). Writing is one of the main ways we communicate with each other at work. Businesses produce many documents: contracts, proposals, and employee handbooks. We have to make sure every party understands the same thing. The construction of the sentences, the choice of the vocabulary, and the usage of grammar that we made help us to clarify the documents. If our documents are well written, we can prevent misunderstanding among different parties and our working performance can be improved. Good writing skill can enhance our credibility. Customer confidence is a key factor of getting success. We all want our customers to think that we are credible. In order to gain our customers trust, we have to show that we are willing to communicate with them with good writing quality. Although good writing doesnt increase the reliability of our products or services, it shows that we are making efforts to communicate with our customers (Rose). Judy Rose, in her article, says, when letters and documents are thoughtfully written and well executed, they say several things about your company: (1) we strive toward excellence in all things; (2) we know what were talking about; (3) you can be confident in our abilities. If you can make that kind of an impression on the people you do business with, youve done your company a valuable service. It shows clearly how good writing skill works on businesses. Bad writing skill does not only damage our academic score but also damage our future job opportunity and performance. People always think of the positive side of the social media. As what I have mentioned in this paper, it is no doubt that the social media benefits us in some ways. The social media provides an open platform to everyone, people can write as much as they want at anytime and anywhere. However we should pay really close attention to how the new media harms our ability on writing. As a business student, I really care about how my writing skill may affect my future career. I thought bad writing skill might only harm my academic score. I was totally wrong. While I was doing my researches, I realized how important the writing skill was. My writing skill doesnt only affect the score of my English classes. It also reflects my image, communication skill and credibility and it can make negative impacts on my future career. I dont mean that we shouldnt write on the social media anymore. While we are writing on the social media, we should also keep an eye on how the social media affects our writi ng skill. We should not allow the social media makes us become unskilled writers and harms our future life.

Transmission of the Plague to Humans Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

Transmission of the Plague to Humans Abstract Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that has been well known to mankind for centuries. Its mechanisms of survival in wide variety of species are extraordinary. The power of this bacterium is dependent on its manipulation of the immune system of its host’s. Its means of survival in the flea and its use of the flea as a vector to other desirable hosts portray this bacterium’s true capability. This flea is the main cause of the bacterium to other animals, especially humans. However, the bacterium does not just stop here; it uses its coded proteins to inhibit the host’s immune system and the host’s cellular functions to aid in its survival in the organism. One of the most deadly diseases to strike mankind is the plague. The plague has survived for centuries and has claimed the lives of millions throughout the years. The plague is caused by a gram-negative bacterium known as Yersinia pestis. There have been three major pandemics due to this bacterium. Although it does not seem as deadly now as it was in the Middle Ages, it is still very much alive and present. There are three types of plague: the bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic plague. The bubonic and septicimic plague are only transmitted by the flea, but the pneumonic plague can spread through the air in droplets or by physical contact. At times, transmission can also occur from infected rodents, cats or other animals through bites and scratches (Phillips, 2004). The bacteria’s key for survival lies in its vast variety of hosts. Its mechanism in manipulating the host’s cellular functions has enabled it to take control and survive through the years. However, the process that the bacteria must go through in order to infect a human relie... ...berlain/Website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm 2. Jarrett, C. et al. Transmission of Yersinia pestis from an infectious biofilm in the flea vector. Journal of Infectious Diseases. (2004) v190 I4 p783 3. Kool, J. (2005). Risk of Person-to-Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague. Healthcare Epedimiology. July 24, 2005: http://www.nycosh.org/workplace_hazards/Biosafety/PlagueArticle4-05.pdf 4. Kopp, E, Medzhitov, R (14 October 2002). A Plague on Host Defense. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. July 24, 2005: http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/jem.20021311v1 5. Phillips, F. (2004). Bioterrorism: Plague. Anne Arundel County Department of Health, Maryland. July 27, 2005: http://www.aahealth.org/physicianslink/bioterrorism_plague_overview.asp 6. Velendzas, D (2005). Plague. Emedicine. July 21, 2005: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic428.htm#section~author_information

Safeguarding Adults And Personalisation

This essay will focus on adult safeguarding and how law and policy applies to working with vulnerable adults, which in turn will recognise how this can protect or hinder their rights. In addition to this, it will also demonstrate my understanding of what the role and responsibilities of a social worker is in regards to safeguarding and personalisation. The adult safeguarding national policy agenda was set out in 2000 by the department of health called ‘No Secrets’; named such to outline that there can be no secrets or somewhere to hide when it comes to exposing the abuse of vulnerable adults.This guidance defined a vulnerable adult as ‘a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who is or may be unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation’. (Department of Health, 2013) However, safeguarding services have considerably developed since then and in the dra ft Care and Support Bill 2012, a new term, ‘adult at risk’ has now replaced ‘vulnerable adult’ as a more acceptable alternative and because the term ‘vulnerable adult’ may wrongly imply that some of the fault for the abuse lies with the adult abused.It was proposed by the Law Commission and it is now defined as: ‘anyone with social care needs who is or may be at risk of significant harm’. Although this is a much shorter definition it is still clear that no matter what your circumstances, anyone can be classed at risk and is entitled to be safeguarded and protected from abuse. (Department of Health, 2013) Many social workers feel frustrated by the fact that when dealing with adult abuse cases there is no statute that is equivalent to the Children Act 1989.However, there are several pieces of policy and legislation that social workers can draw upon to support their practice that will both empower and protect individuals who find them selves in vulnerable situations. (Pritchard, 2009) Legislation dating back from 1948 to the present day provides a range of duties and powers based on various definitions and criteria. In England and Wales there is not a statutory duty to investigate abuse, however, No Secrets clearly places a responsibility on social services as the key agency responsible for adult protection and this position is strengthened by the Human Rights Act 1998.(Wilson et al, 2008) The Human Rights Act didn’t come into force in the UK until October 2000 and it meant people could take cases regarding breaches of their human rights into a UK court. This would have provided a breakthrough to victims who thought that their perpetrators would always get away with abusing them. Although, without the help of a social worker encouraging them to seek help and support this would not be able to happen.  (Galpin&Bates, 2009)There are particular articles within the Act that are relevant to safeguarding adults such as; Article 2, everyone has a right to life; Article 3, the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment and Article 5, everyone has the right to liberty and security. In addition to this, the right to respect a person’s home, private and family life under Article 8; investigating and responding to the risk of abuse will almost invariably involve this article; interventions must be lawful, justified and proportionate given the risk.  (Pritchard, 2009)The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides a framework to support individual decision-making, allowing choice of appointing their own decision maker and to also promote decision-making in a person’s best interests should they lack capacity. The Act encourages forward planning, for example, people who have capacity but feel that they would lack capacity in the future they can nominate others to act for them under a Lasting Power of Attorney which would involve decisions about welfare, health and financial matt ers.Where decisions have to be made regarding serious medical treatment, long-term accommodation moves or an adult protection investigation, an Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) may be appointed to support and represent the individual. (Wilson et al) The IMCA service started in 2007 when it provided a service for 5,266 people and has been providing a statutory service for five years. Although the IMCA service is a statutory service, it is provided by the voluntary sector and is a national service provided by 60 local providers which sets out to both empower and to safeguard people.It is accountable to local commissioners as well as local clients; it works with both the NHS and 152 local authorities and it is designed to support and represent people as well as challenge and change organisations and their practices. In 2009, IMCAs were given additional duties under the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS). Their focus was to safeguard some of the most vulnerable circumst ances that people can find themselves in.Therefore, where, for their own safety and in their best interests, people need to be accommodated under care and treatment regimes that have the effect of depriving them of their liberty, but where they lack capacity to consent to the regime. (Department of Health, 2013) Another act that is relevant to adult services is the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 which provides a framework for all assessments of vulnerable adults. It emphasises the importance of case monitoring and reviewing. (Pritchard, 2009) Prior to the act there had been criticism about the way in which community care services were organised.Therefore, when the Act was implemented, qualified social workers were given the task as care managers and many going into adult services for the first time. A key aspect of care management was that the assessment process should be based on an individual’s needs rather than the service they require which would enable user empowerment and choice; and in turn provide a personalised approach. (Parker&Bradley, 2010) Personalisation means starting with the person rather than the service and it reinforces the idea that the person should know best what their needs are and how they can be met.The social workers job working with adults at risk would be to ensure they had the right information and support to access the appropriate services. Personalisation is about giving people much more choice and control over their own lives and good social work practice is about putting the individual first. (SCIE, 2008) The personalisation agenda was outlined in three important documents. Firstly, Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) which called for local authorities to set eligibility criteria for providing services based on balancing resources against need.Secondly, Transforming Social Care which was introduced to develop a personalised approach to the delivery of adult social care through the use of direct payments and personal bu dgets. Finally, the document, Putting People First placed personalisation at the centre of social care policy, practice and performance. These policies were introduced to promote independent living and the funding for these initiatives took on two forms in the way of Direct Payments and Personal Budgets. (Trevithick, 2012) The legislation for direct payments is incorporated in the Community Care Act 1996.The Act gave local authorities the power to implement direct payments. However, it was not until 2000 that the service was extended to people over 65 which obviously led to them being more vulnerable and unable to access services. Direct payments is a way of enabling people to manage their own care and support services; it is seen as a right not a privilege. (Parker&Bradley, 2009) Although direct payments are seen as central to the government’s agenda for the modernisation and transformation of adult social care, it needs to be noted that there are concerns regarding risks an d possible reduction in rights for people who use direct payments.  (Galpin&Bates, 2009)The main concern is that people will use their direct payments to employ unregulated care workers or relatives or will not manage well which may leave them open to a greater risk of poor quality care or even abuse through neglect, exploitation, physical, etc. (CommunityCare, 2013) On the other hand, whom the service user employs is generally their choice and responsibility which would give them a sense of independence. However, regulation and training of personal assistants is not compulsory, therefore, evidence of qualifications or certificates is at the employer’s discretion.This in itself poses a risk to service users who take this route. (Galpin&Bates, 2009) Personal budgets or individual budgets refers to funding that is allocated by the local authority to enable service users to buy services in regards to their personal and social care needs which can include domestic, social leisu re and educational activities. Administration is viewed as less intrusive than direct payments, for example, receipts are not required for individual expenditure. It is the responsibility of a social worker to play a key role in delivering this personalised service.  (Parker&Bradley, 2010)In 2010, the UK Coalition Government confirmed its commitment to the principles which are embodied in the personalisation agenda and the target was for local councils to offer personal budgets to one million social care service users by 2013 as part of its social care provision. (Trevithick, 2012) However, a joint discussion document on the future of services for older people called ‘The Case for Tomorrow Facing the Beyond’ was produced in 2012. The document addressed that the opportunities of personal budgets and direct payments have not been a constant acceptance by all those who are entitled to them.Whilst people have usually been very positive about the impact of personal budgets on their lives, older adults report less satisfaction than other adult groups. More older people receive adult social care services than any other age groups but the amount that are actually receiving personal budgets or direct payments is small. In addition to this, the legal responsibilities of the personal budget holder are also presenting some challenges in the way of the holders acting as employers. When a service user directly employs someone to deliver a service, issues of employment law, quality and safeguarding still remain.There is a challenge for policy makers, local authorities and their partners to balance concerns about the impact of less well monitored systems on quality, reliability and safeguarding on one hand and the bureaucracy and cost of additional monitoring on the other. (Adass, 2013) As mentioned previously, FACS is a national eligibility framework which allocates social care resources to individuals, carers and communities based on four eligibility bands â €“ critical, substantial, moderate and low risk to independence.However, in 2010 it was said to have proved difficult to adhere to, especially in the economic climate with rising cost pressures and an increasing need to ration services. The BASW’s joint manager noted there was a need for a national framework and more should be left to the professional discretion of social workers, working with the personalisation agenda and a person-centred approach. However, this can only happen if councils are given enough resources to manage peoples care.  (CommunityCare, 2013)Putting People First; a shared vision and commitment to the transformation of adult social care was a key document from the government to outline the future of adult service provision. It sets out the government’s commitment to independent living for all adults. In addition to this, it seeks to develop a collaborative approach between local and central government, providers and regulators to facilitate t he development of a personalised system of adult social care. The first step in a personalised approach to social work practice is Person Centred Planning (PCP).PCP addresses issues of exclusion that can be overlooked in the assessment process because it focuses on the person’s capacities and not their impairments. The listening involved in PCP is good social work practice and can be used to understand a person’s choices and abilities. It also helps to ensure that the person is placed at the centre of the assessment and planning process. However, there is an issue of funding when it comes to PCP for all individuals with a learning disability and can rely heavily on the trust of the individuals informal or unpaid support network to make their aspirations and plans a reality.Although in my opinion I do think PCP is the way forward and should be used more frequently in social work practice. (Galpin&Bates, 2009) In conclusion to this essay and with the information gathered it can be noted that there are several policies and legislation that support the safeguarding of adults. Therefore, it seems unimaginable as to why vulnerable adults or adults at risk find themselves in a position of abuse or neglect. However, unfortunately due to the recent Winterbourne View scandal and others like it, abuse obviously still remains of individuals who are clearly too vulnerable to speak out.It does appear that although guidance and policies are in place to safeguard adults who may be at risk, it obviously doesn’t seem to be enough or it is simply that abusers are getting away with their crimes. The future of adult safeguarding must be improved and to do this, all agencies should work together in partnership and ensure the implementation of policies; procedures, etc. are in place. Outstanding social work practice is of the utmost importance. Safeguarding Adults and Personalisation This essay will focus on adult safeguarding and how law and policy applies to working with vulnerable adults, which in turn will recognise how this can protect or hinder their rights. In addition to this, it will also demonstrate my understanding of what the role and responsibilities of a social worker is in regards to safeguarding and personalisation. The adult safeguarding national policy agenda was set out in 2000 by the department of health called ‘No Secrets’; named such to outline that there can be no secrets or somewhere to hide when it comes to exposing the abuse of vulnerable adults.This guidance defined a vulnerable adult as ‘a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who is or may be unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation’. (Department of Health, 2013) However, safeguarding services have considerably developed since then and in the dra ft Care and Support Bill 2012, a new term, ‘adult at risk’ has now replaced ‘vulnerable adult’ as a more acceptable alternative and because the term ‘vulnerable adult’ may wrongly imply that some of the fault for the abuse lies with the adult abused.It was proposed by the Law Commission and it is now defined as: ‘anyone with social care needs who is or may be at risk of significant harm’. Although this is a much shorter definition it is still clear that no matter what your circumstances, anyone can be classed at risk and is entitled to be safeguarded and protected from abuse. (Department of Health, 2013) Many social workers feel frustrated by the fact that when dealing with adult abuse cases there is no statute that is equivalent to the Children Act 1989.However, there are several pieces of policy and legislation that social workers can draw upon to support their practice that will both empower and protect individuals who find them selves in vulnerable situations. (Pritchard, 2009) Legislation dating back from 1948 to the present day provides a range of duties and powers based on various definitions and criteria. In England and Wales there is not a statutory duty to investigate abuse, however, No Secrets clearly places a responsibility on social services as the key agency responsible for adult protection and this position is strengthened by the Human Rights Act 1998.  (Wilson et al, 2008)The Human Rights Act didn’t come into force in the UK until October 2000 and it meant people could take cases regarding breaches of their human rights into a UK court. This would have provided a breakthrough to victims who thought that their perpetrators would always get away with abusing them. Although, without the help of a social worker encouraging them to seek help and support this would not be able to happen.(Galpin&Bates, 2009)There are particular articles within the Act that are relevant to safeguarding adults such as; Article 2, everyone has a right to life; Article 3, the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment and Article 5, everyone has the right to liberty and security. In addition to this, the right to respect a person’s home, private and family life under Article 8; investigating and responding to the risk of abuse will almost invariably involve this article; interventions must be lawful, justified and proportionate given the risk.(Pritchard, 2009)The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides a framework to support individual decision-making, allowing choice of appointing their own decision maker and to also promote decision-making in a person’s best interests should they lack capacity. The Act encourages forward planning, for example, people who have capacity but feel that they would lack capacity in the future they can nominate others to act for them under a Lasting Power of Attorney which would involve decisions about welfare, health and financial matters.W here decisions have to be made regarding serious medical treatment, long-term accommodation moves or an adult protection investigation, an Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) may be appointed to support and represent the individual. (Wilson et al) The IMCA service started in 2007 when it provided a service for 5,266 people and has been providing a statutory service for five years. Although the IMCA service is a statutory service, it is provided by the voluntary sector and is a national service provided by 60 local providers which sets out to both empower and to safeguard people.It is accountable to local commissioners as well as local clients; it works with both the NHS and 152 local authorities and it is designed to support and represent people as well as challenge and change organisations and their practices. In 2009, IMCAs were given additional duties under the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS). Their focus was to safeguard some of the most vulnerable circumstances that people can find themselves in.Therefore, where, for their own safety and in their best interests, people need to be accommodated under care and treatment regimes that have the effect of depriving them of their liberty, but where they lack capacity to consent to the regime. (Department of Health, 2013) Another act that is relevant to adult services is the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 which provides a framework for all assessments of vulnerable adults. It emphasises the importance of case monitoring and reviewing. (Pritchard, 2009) Prior to the act there had been criticism about the way in which community care services were organised.Therefore, when the Act was implemented, qualified social workers were given the task as care managers and many going into adult services for the first time. A key aspect of care management was that the assessment process should be based on an individual’s needs rather than the service they require which would enable user empowerment and c hoice; and in turn provide a personalised approach. (Parker&Bradley, 2010) Personalisation means starting with the person rather than the service and it reinforces the idea that the person should know best what their needs are and how they can be met.The social workers job working with adults at risk would be to ensure they had the right information and support to access the appropriate services. Personalisation is about giving people much more choice and control over their own lives and good social work practice is about putting the individual first. (SCIE, 2008) The personalisation agenda was outlined in three important documents. Firstly, Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) which called for local authorities to set eligibility criteria for providing services based on balancing resources against need.Secondly, Transforming Social Care which was introduced to develop a personalised approach to the delivery of adult social care through the use of direct payments and personal budgets . Finally, the document, Putting People First placed personalisation at the centre of social care policy, practice and performance. These policies were introduced to promote independent living and the funding for these initiatives took on two forms in the way of Direct Payments and Personal Budgets. (Trevithick, 2012) The legislation for direct payments is incorporated in the Community Care Act 1996.The Act gave local authorities the power to implement direct payments. However, it was not until 2000 that the service was extended to people over 65 which obviously led to them being more vulnerable and unable to access services. Direct payments is a way of enabling people to manage their own care and support services; it is seen as a right not a privilege. (Parker&Bradley, 2009) Although direct payments are seen as central to the government’s agenda for the modernisation and transformation of adult social care, it needs to be noted that there are concerns regarding risks and pos sible reduction in rights for people who use direct payments.(Galpin&Bates, 2009)The main concern is that people will use their direct payments to employ unregulated care workers or relatives or will not manage well which may leave them open to a greater risk of poor quality care or even abuse through neglect, exploitation, physical, etc. (CommunityCare, 2013) On the other hand, whom the service user employs is generally their choice and responsibility which would give them a sense of independence. However, regulation and training of personal assistants is not compulsory, therefore, evidence of qualifications or certificates is at the employer’s discretion.This in itself poses a risk to service users who take this route. (Galpin&Bates, 2009) Personal budgets or individual budgets refers to funding that is allocated by the local authority to enable service users to buy services in regards to their personal and social care needs which can include domestic, social leisure and ed ucational activities. Administration is viewed as less intrusive than direct payments, for example, receipts are not required for individual expenditure. It is the responsibility of a social worker to play a key role in delivering this personalised service.(Parker&Bradley, 2010)In 2010, the UK Coalition Government confirmed its commitment to the principles which are embodied in the personalisation agenda and the target was for local councils to offer personal budgets to one million social care service users by 2013 as part of its social care provision. (Trevithick, 2012) However, a joint discussion document on the future of services for older people called ‘The Case for Tomorrow Facing the Beyond’ was produced in 2012. The document addressed that the opportunities of personal budgets and direct payments have not been a constant acceptance by all those who are entitled to them.Whilst people have usually been very positive about the impact of personal budgets on their liv es, older adults report less satisfaction than other adult groups. More older people receive adult social care services than any other age groups but the amount that are actually receiving personal budgets or direct payments is small. In addition to this, the legal responsibilities of the personal budget holder are also presenting some challenges in the way of the holders acting as employers. When a service user directly employs someone to deliver a service, issues of employment law, quality and safeguarding still remain.There is a challenge for policy makers, local authorities and their partners to balance concerns about the impact of less well monitored systems on quality, reliability and safeguarding on one hand and the bureaucracy and cost of additional monitoring on the other. (Adass, 2013) As mentioned previously, FACS is a national eligibility framework which allocates social care resources to individuals, carers and communities based on four eligibility bands – critic al, substantial, moderate and low risk to independence.However, in 2010 it was said to have proved difficult to adhere to, especially in the economic climate with rising cost pressures and an increasing need to ration services. The BASW’s joint manager noted there was a need for a national framework and more should be left to the professional discretion of social workers, working with the personalisation agenda and a person-centred approach. However, this can only happen if councils are given enough resources to manage peoples care.(CommunityCare, 2013) Putting People First; a shared vision and commitment to the transformation of adult social care was a key document from the government to outline the future of adult service provision. It sets out the government’s commitment to independent living for all adults. In addition to this, it seeks to develop a collaborative approach between local and central government, providers and regulators to facilitate the development o f a personalised system of adult social care. The first step in a personalised approach to social work practice is Person Centred Planning (PCP).PCP addresses issues of exclusion that can be overlooked in the assessment process because it focuses on the person’s capacities and not their impairments. The listening involved in PCP is good social work practice and can be used to understand a person’s choices and abilities. It also helps to ensure that the person is placed at the centre of the assessment and planning process. However, there is an issue of funding when it comes to PCP for all individuals with a learning disability and can rely heavily on the trust of the individuals informal or unpaid support network to make their aspirations and plans a reality.Although in my opinion I do think PCP is the way forward and should be used more frequently in social work practice. (Galpin&Bates, 2009) In conclusion to this essay and with the information gathered it can be noted that there are several policies and legislation that support the safeguarding of adults. Therefore, it seems unimaginable as to why vulnerable adults or adults at risk find themselves in a position of abuse or neglect. However, unfortunately due to the recent Winterbourne View scandal and others like it, abuse obviously still remains of individuals who are clearly too vulnerable to speak out.It does appear that although guidance and policies are in place to safeguard adults who may be at risk, it obviously doesn’t seem to be enough or it is simply that abusers are getting away with their crimes. The future of adult safeguarding must be improved and to do this, all agencies should work together in partnership and ensure the implementation of policies; procedures, etc. are in place. Outstanding social work practice is of the utmost importance.